2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP or simply DNP) is a natural substance with the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2. It is a yellow, crystalline strong that has a sweet, musty odor. It sublimes, is unforeseeable with steam, and is soluble in most organic solvents in addition to liquid alkaline services. When in a dry type, it is a high dynamite and has an instantaneous rise risk. It is a precursor to other chemicals and is biochemically active, avoiding adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in cells with mitochondria.

Commercially, DNP is used as an antibacterial and as a non-selective bioaccumulating pesticide.

DNP is especially beneficial as a herbicide together with other carefully associated dinitrophenol herbicides like 2,4-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC), dinoseb and dinoterb. Given that 1998 DNP was withdrawn from farming usage. Presently, there are no actively signed up pesticides consisting of DNP in United States or Europe.

It is a chemical intermediate in the production of sulfur dyes, wood preservatives and picric acid. DNP has likewise been used to make photographic developers and explosives. DNP is categorized as a dynamite in the UK and USA.

In living cells, DNP functions as a proton ionophore, an agent that can shuttle protons (hydrogen cations) across biological membranes. It dissipates the proton gradient across mitochondria and chloroplast membranes, collapsing the proton motive force that the cell utilizes to produce the majority of its ATP chemical energy. Instead of producing ATP, the energy of the proton gradient is lost as heat.

DNP serves as a protonophore, enabling protons to leakage throughout the inner mitochondrial membrane and hence bypass ATP synthase. This makes ATP energy production less efficient. In effect, part of the energy that is normally produced from cellular respiration is squandered as heat. The ineffectiveness is proportional to the dose of DNP that is taken. As the dose increases and energy production is made more ineffective, metabolic rate increases (and more fat is burned) in order to compensate for the insufficiency and to satisfy energy needs. DNP is more than likely the best comprehended agent for uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. The "phosphorylation" of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by ATP synthase gets disconnected or "uncoupled" from oxidation.

"Dinitrophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, causes release of calcium from mitochondrial shops and prevents calcium re-uptake. This causes totally free intracellular calcium and triggers muscle contraction and hyperthermia. Dantrolene prevents calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum which minimizes intracellular calcium. The resulting muscle relaxation permits heat dissipation. There is little risk to dantrolene administration. Due to the fact that dantrolene might operate in decreasing hyperthermia brought on by agents that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, early administration might improve outcome.

DNP was widely used in explosive mixtures around the world. Shellite in the UK, Tridite in the United States, Tridita in Spain, MDPC/DD in France, MABT/MBT in Italy, and DNP in the USSR.

Nowadays, DNP is provided mainly online under a variety of various names such as 'DNP', 'Dinosan', 'Dnoc', 'Solfo Black', 'Nitrophen', 'Aldifen' and 'Chemox'. The chemical is a yellow crystalline powder that has a sweet, musty odor and is soluble in water. The dose of DNP per pill differs from website to site however it is most regularly offered as either 100- or 200-mg tablets. Some internet websites have DNP readily available in bulk amounts, allowing users to buy kgs of DNP powder or hundreds/thousands of DNP-containing tablets.

DNP has really been offered for over a century, in the beginning in the manufacture of munitions, due to its explosive domestic or business properties. From the 1930s onwards, there has actually been interest in its homes to increase the underlying metabolic rate, resulting in an associated weight-loss. It appears that there has in fact been increasing interest and schedule of DNP-containing items on the internet.buy dnp